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broadly similar

  • 1 nonclassical bioisosteric molecules are are characterized by a different number of atoms, by similar physicochemical parameters, and by a broadly similar biological activity

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > nonclassical bioisosteric molecules are are characterized by a different number of atoms, by similar physicochemical parameters, and by a broadly similar biological activity

  • 2 broadly

    broadly [ˈbrɔ:dlɪ]
       a. [agree, accept, define] dans les grandes lignes ; [support] largement
    • this is broadly true en gros, c'est vrai
       b. [hint] fortement
    * * *
    ['brɔːdlɪ]
    1) ( in general) [agree, correspond] en gros; [similar, true] globalement
    2) ( widely) [smile] largement

    English-French dictionary > broadly

  • 3 broadly

    adverb (generally: Broadly speaking, I'd say your chances are poor.) en general
    tr['brɔːdlɪ]
    1 en términos generales
    broadly ['brɔdli] adv
    1) generally: en general, aproximadamente
    2) widely: extensivamente
    adv.
    • ampliamente adv.
    'brɔːdli
    1) (generally, approximately)

    the two systems are broadly similar — en líneas generales, los dos sistemas son similares

    broadly speaking — en líneas generales, hablando en términos generales

    2) < grin> de oreja a oreja
    ['brɔːdlɪ]
    ADV
    1) (=by and large) [agree, accept] en líneas generales

    broadly speaking — en general, hablando en términos generales

    it is broadly true that... — en líneas generales es verdad que...

    2) (=widely) [smile, grin] abiertamente, de oreja a oreja
    3) (=unsubtly) [hint] claramente
    * * *
    ['brɔːdli]
    1) (generally, approximately)

    the two systems are broadly similar — en líneas generales, los dos sistemas son similares

    broadly speaking — en líneas generales, hablando en términos generales

    2) < grin> de oreja a oreja

    English-spanish dictionary > broadly

  • 4 broadly

    1 ( in general) [agree, conform, correspond] en gros ; [compatible, similar, true] globalement ; broadly speaking en règle générale ;
    2 ( widely) [grin, smile] largement.

    Big English-French dictionary > broadly

  • 5 similar

    'similə
    ((often with to) alike in many (often most) ways: My house is similar to yours; Our jobs are similar.) similar, semejante, parecido
    - similarly
    similar adj parecido / similar


    similar adjetivo similar; similar A algo similar to sth
    similar adjetivo similar ' similar' also found in these entries: Spanish: afín - análoga - análogo - enfoque - julepe - parecida - parecido - pareja - parejo - semejante - sí - símil - tenor - vecina - vecino - asemejar - carajillo - chueca - parecer - rayuela - salchichón - tejo English: similar - uncannily - akin - broadly - gravitate - kindred - like - net - similarly - unlike
    tr['sɪmɪləSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 parecido,-a (to, a), similar (to, a), semejante (to, a)
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    similar triangle triángulo semejante
    similar ['sɪmələr] adj
    : similar, parecido, semejante
    adj.
    • afín adj.
    • conforme adj.
    • parecido, -a adj.
    • pintiparado, -a adj.
    • semejante adj.
    • similar adj.
    'sɪmələr, 'sɪmɪlə(r)
    adjective similar, parecido, semejante

    to be similar TO something — parecerse* a algo, ser* parecido or similar a algo

    ['sɪmɪlǝ(r)]
    ADJ
    1) parecido, similar, semejante

    to be similar in shape/size — tener una forma parecida or similar, tener un tamaño parecido or similar, parecerse en la forma or el tamaño

    to be similar to — parecerse a, ser parecido or similar or semejante a

    2) (Geom) semejante
    * * *
    ['sɪmələr, 'sɪmɪlə(r)]
    adjective similar, parecido, semejante

    to be similar TO something — parecerse* a algo, ser* parecido or similar a algo

    English-spanish dictionary > similar

  • 6 Domestic Wools

    An American term for the fleece wools, or, as they are sometimes termed, washed fleeces, bright wools, territories, Texas and Californias. Broadly, the term Domestic Wools include all wools grown in the United States. Washed Fleeces include the Ohio, Pennsylvania and Michigan fleeces, and are very similar to Australian wools in fineness and felting properties. Bright Wools are slightly coarser but more lustrous than the washed fleeces. Territory Wools are somewhat similar to the above and derive their name from the fact that they come from the West and Northern States, which for many years were under territorial government.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Domestic Wools

  • 7 Creativity

       Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)
       Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)
       There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)
       he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)
       he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)
       From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)
       Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)
       The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)
       In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)
       he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)
        11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder
       Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)
       New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)
       [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....
       Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)
       A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....
       Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity

См. также в других словарях:

  • broadly — broad|ly [ˈbro:dli US ˈbro:d ] adv 1.) in a general way, relating to the main facts rather than details ▪ She knows broadly what to expect. broadly similar/comparable/equivalent etc ▪ We reached broadly similar conclusions. ▪ Broadly speaking ,… …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • broadly — adverb 1 in a general way, covering the main facts rather than details: She knows broadly what to expect. | broadly speaking: There are, broadly speaking, four types of champagne. | broadly similar: We reached broadly similar conclusions. 2… …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

  • similar — sim|i|lar W1S1 [ˈsımələ, ˈsımılə US ər] adj [Date: 1500 1600; : French; Origin: similaire, from Latin similis like, similar ] almost the same →↑alike ≠ ↑different ▪ We have similar tastes in music. ▪ Both approaches seem to achieve similar… …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • similar — adj. VERBS ▪ be, feel, look, sound, taste ▪ appear, seem ▪ become ▪ …   Collocations dictionary

  • broadly — broad|ly [ brɔdli ] adverb ** 1. ) something that is broadly accepted is accepted by most people in a general way, even if they do not agree about all the details: The proposal was broadly welcomed by teachers. a ) something that is broadly true …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • broadly */*/ — UK [ˈbrɔːdlɪ] / US [ˈbrɔdlɪ] adverb 1) a) something that is broadly accepted is accepted by most people in a general way, even if they do not agree about all the details The proposal was broadly welcomed by teachers. b) something that is broadly… …   English dictionary

  • broadly — adv. Broadly is used with these adjectives: ↑accurate, ↑analogous, ↑applicable, ↑chronological, ↑comparable, ↑consistent, ↑contemporary, ↑correct, ↑educated, ↑equivalent, ↑favourable …   Collocations dictionary

  • language — /lang gwij/, n. 1. a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition: the two languages of Belgium; a Bantu language; the French… …   Universalium

  • Pakistan — /pak euh stan , pah keuh stahn /, n. 1. Islamic Republic of, a republic in S Asia, between India and Afghanistan: formerly part of British India; known as West Pakistan from 1947 71 to distinguish it from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).… …   Universalium

  • Latin America, history of — Introduction       history of the region from the pre Columbian period and including colonization by the Spanish and Portuguese beginning in the 15th century, the 19th century wars of independence, and developments to the end of World War II.… …   Universalium

  • conservation — conservational, adj. /kon seuhr vay sheuhn/, n. 1. the act of conserving; prevention of injury, decay, waste, or loss; preservation: conservation of wildlife; conservation of human rights. 2. official supervision of rivers, forests, and other… …   Universalium

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